![]() The left mainstem bronchus lies in a more horizontal plane and averages about 4.9 cm in men and 4.4 cm in women. The right mainstem bronchus lies in a more vertical plane, is shorter (averages 1.9 cm in men and 1.5 cm in women) and larger than the left main stem bronchus. The average length of the adult trachea is 12 cm and comprises 18 to 22 C-shaped cartilaginous rings anterolaterally, the ends of which are linked posteriorly by the superficial membranous wall and the trachealis muscle. In humans, the trachea arises at the level of the cricoid cartilage and extends up to carina the narrowest portion of the airway in adults, where it bifurcates into right and left main stem bronchus. ![]() Anatomy and Physiologyįor successful placement of a DLT, it is important to understand the anatomy of the trachea and bronchi. DLTs also allows bronchial toilet without interrupting ventilation. It can also be used during minimally invasive cardiac surgery and in disease processes affecting 1 lung to prevent soiling from the contralateral lung. The other lung that is not being ventilated passively deflates or is displaced by the surgeon to facilitate surgical exposure for non-cardiac operations in the chest such as thoracic, esophageal, aortic and spine procedures. One-lung ventilation (OLV) or lung isolation is the mechanical and functional separation of the 2 lungs to allow selective ventilation of only one lung. Double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are the most commonly used tubes to provide independent ventilation for each lung.
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